第六天： 十字架
In the New Testament of the Bible, there are 4 biographies or gospels about Jesus. We’ve been looking at the Gospel of Mark in this series “That Final Week.” But in one of other gospels, John, the opening verses introduce a powerful metaphor that John uses through rest of his gospel and his letters later in NT. 在圣经新约中，有四本关于耶稣的传记或称作福音书。 在《那最后一周》系列中，我们一直在研究马可福音。 但在另一本福音书约翰福音中，开头的经文引入了一个强有力的比喻，约翰在他的福音书的其余部分和后来在新约中的书信中都使用了这个比喻。
In him [Jesus] was life, and that life was the light of all mankind. The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness has not overcome it. John 1:4-5
在祂里面 [耶稣] 就是生命，这生命是人类的光。 光照进黑暗里，黑暗不能胜光。 约翰福音 1:4-5
I want to use that imagery of light and darkness this morning, as walk our way through the story of the cross. Because if ever there was a moment when the forces of darkness may have thought they had overcome the light, the death of Jesus was probably it. So I want to walk thru the story of Jesus’ death, highlighting the moments of darkness that threatened to overcome the light and life of Jesus.
我想在今天早上用光明与黑暗的意象，来讲述十字架的故事。 因为如果有一个时刻黑暗的势力可能认为它们已经胜过了光明，那么耶稣的死很可能就是这个时刻。 所以我想回顾一下耶稣受死的故事，突出那些威胁要战胜耶稣的光和生命的黑暗时刻。
There are 6 dark moments in the story. [Read 15:15-20]在故事中有六处黑暗时刻 【读14：15-20】
1. The darkness of human brutality. 人类残暴的黑暗。
Mark begins the story of the death of Jesus this way, in Mark 15:15.
在马可福音15：15，马可是这样展开耶稣之死的故事
Wanting to satisfy the crowd, Pilate released Barabbas to them. He had Jesus flogged, and handed him over to be crucified.
为了取悦众人，彼拉多释放了巴拉巴，命人将耶稣鞭打后带出去钉十字架。马可福音15:15
These were brutal times, and Roman soldiers were brutal men. They knew how to torture and kill a man. Roman soldiers often performed this duty, especially in troubled provinces in the Roman Empire like Judea. It began with scourging, which used whips that were sewn with chunks of things like metal, stone, and glass. The whips would quite literally rip the skin and muscle down to the bone. The Jews had limit of 40 lashes, beyond which it was illegal to go, but the Romans had no upper limit.
那是个残酷的时代，罗马士兵是残酷的人。 他们知道如何折磨和杀死一个人。 罗马士兵经常履行这项职责，尤其是在罗马帝国的动荡省份，如犹太地区。 它始于鞭打，使用的是用金属、石头和玻璃等大块东西缝制的鞭子。 鞭子会毫不夸张地将皮肤和肌肉撕裂到骨头上。 犹太人有 40 次鞭刑的限制，超过这个限制是违法的，但罗马人没有上限。
Jesus was treated horrifically even before He got anywhere near the cross.
这说明在耶稣接近十字架之前，祂就已经受到了可怕的对待。
The darkness of human brutality was closing in on Jesus. [Turn off lamp #1]
人类残暴的黑暗笼罩着耶稣。 [关灯 第一次]
That brutal scourging and beating then led to 2nd moment of darkness:
那残酷的鞭打和围殴把故事推向了第二个黑暗时刻：
2. The darkness of physical weakness. 身体虚弱的黑暗。
Mark continues in v.21: 在第21节马可继续写到：
A certain man from Cyrene, Simon, the father of Alexander and Rufus, was passing by on his way in from the country, and they forced him to carry the cross.
亚历山大和鲁孚的父亲古利奈人西门从乡下来，途经那地方，卫兵就强迫他背耶稣的十字架。Mark 马可福音15:21
Prisoners doomed to crucifixion were forced to carry the crossbeam to the place of execution; that’s what v.21 is assuming. But Jesus here had beaten so severely; He had lost so much blood; He was unable to carry it the whole way. So the soldiers grab a passer-by – an African or perhaps a Jew living in the African province of Cyrene named Simon.
判定要被钉在十字架上的囚犯要被迫抬着横梁到行刑地点； 这就是 第21节所讲的。 但是耶稣已经被打得很厉害； 祂失血过多； 一路上祂都扛不住。 因此，士兵们抓住了一个路人 -一个非洲人，也可能是一个住在非洲昔兰尼省的犹太人，名叫西门。
Notice by the way, that his sons are mentioned – Rufus and Alexander. This probably means they, and perhaps their dad, were now followers of Jesus, and perhaps the readers of Mark’s gospel would have known this family.
顺便注意，提到了他的儿子 -鲁孚和亚历山大。 这可能意味着他们，也许还有他们的父亲，现在是耶稣的追随者，也许马可福音的读者会认识这个家庭。
Pastor Chuck Swindoll explores why Simon was roped in here to carry the cross for Jesus:
Chuck Swindoll 牧师探讨了为什么西门会被绑在这里为耶稣背十字架的原因：
It is easy to forget that Jesus was tortured, brutalised and mistreated for an extended period of time before he was led to his execution. Quite likely in shock from the extensive physical trauma he had endured … he stumbled under the weight of the crossbeam, unable to go on – the beam was too heavy for him to carry. Chuck Swindoll.
人们很容易忘记，耶稣在被处决之前曾长时间遭受酷刑、虐待。 很可能是因为祂所承受的巨大身体创伤而休克……祂在横梁的重量下跌跌撞撞，无法继续前进 - 横梁太重了，祂扛不住。 查克·斯温多尔。
Jesus is already exhausted and weak before He got to the place of execution.
The darkness continued closing in. [Turn off lamp #2] 耶稣在到达刑场之前就已经筋疲力尽了。 黑暗继续逼近。[关灯第二次]
Then comes the crucifixion itself.
3. The darkness of agonising torture. 惨痛折磨的黑暗。
I use that phrase deliberately – “agonising torture” – because that’s exactly what this type of death was designed to do.
我故意使用这个词 -“惨痛的折磨” - 因为这正是致人于死地的目的。
They brought Jesus to the place called Golgotha (which means ‘the place of the skull’). Then they offered him wine mixed with myrrh, but he did not take it. And they crucified him. Mark 15:22-24a
他们把耶稣带到各各他——意思是“髑髅地”， 拿没药调和的酒给祂喝，但祂不肯喝。 他们把耶稣钉在十字架上，还抽签分祂的衣服。马可福音15：22-24a
Fifteen years ago, Bill O’Reilly was one of the best-known political journalists and commentators in the USA. Together with historian Martin Dugard, they wrote two histories of the most famous presidential assassinations in US history – “Killing Lincoln” and “Killing Kennedy.” In their 3rd book, they moved away from US presidents to another historical figure – the person of Jesus.
十五年前，比尔·奥莱利 (Bill O’Reilly) 是美国最著名的政治记者和评论员之一。 他们与历史学家马丁·杜加德 (Martin Dugard) 一起撰写了美国历史上最著名的两部总统暗杀史 -《刺杀林肯》和《刺杀肯尼迪》。 在他们的第三本书中，他们从美国总统转向另一个历史人物 - 耶稣。
In their third book, “Killing Jesus,” after investigating intricacies and horror of crucifixion, they wrote:
在他们的第三本书《杀死耶稣》中，在调查了被钉十字架的错综复杂和恐怖之后，他们写道：
As the procession arrives atop Golgotha, the soldiers send Simon away and hurl the crossbeam onto the dirt and rough limestone. The death squad takes control here. They force Jesus to the ground, laying his torso atop the upper crossbeam. 当队伍到达各各他山顶时，士兵们将西门送走，并将横梁扔到泥土和粗糙的石灰石上。 行刑队控制这里。 他们将耶稣按在地上，将祂的躯干放在上横梁上。
His hands are then stretched out and two soldiers put all their weight on his extended arms, as another approaches with a thick mallet and a six-inch iron nail with a square shaft that tapers to a point. The soldier hammers the sharpened point into Jesus’ flesh … with just a few sharp swings of the hammer. Jesus cries out in pain as the iron pierces its mark.”
然后祂的手被拉直展开，两个士兵把他们全部身体的重量都压在了祂伸出的手臂上，另一个士兵拿着一把粗大的木槌和一个六英寸长的铁钉，是一个逐渐变尖的方轴。 士兵用锤子将锋利的钉尖锤入耶稣的血肉中……只需猛烈挥动几下。 当铁刺穿透祂的手臂，耶稣痛苦地大声喊叫。”Bill O’Reilly and Martin Dugard比尔·奥赖利和马丁·杜加德
Part of the horror of crucifixion is that victims could last for days before finally dying, struggling to take one breath after another. It was horrific and brutal torture. Invented by the Persians, it was modified by the Romans to have maximum impact. It was so horrific, Roman citizens could not killed this way, even for the worst crimes. Roman writer Cicero said, “the cruellest and most hideous punishment possible.”
被钉十字架的恐怖之处之一在于，受害者在最终死去之前可能会在上面折磨持续数天，一次又一次地挣扎着试图呼吸。 这是一种可怕而残忍的酷刑。 由波斯人发明，罗马人对其进行了修改以使这种折磨残忍之极。 太可怕了，罗马的公民不会被这样杀死，即使是最严重的罪行也不会。 罗马作家西塞罗说：“最残忍、最可怕的惩罚。”
Jesus would now face horrific suffering, as darkness of agonising torture closed in. [Turn off lamp #3]
随着痛苦折磨的黑暗笼罩，耶稣现在将（在十架上）面临可怕的折磨。[关灯 第三次]
But wasn’t just the physical torment of what Jesus endured. In addition to the human brutality and physical weakness and agonising torture, Jesus also endured,
但这不仅仅是耶稣所忍受的肉体折磨。 除了人类的残暴、身体虚弱和痛苦的折磨之外，耶稣还忍受了，
4. The darkness of mental abuse. 4. 精神折磨的黑暗。
Verses 29-32 tell us that three groups combined to abuse Jesus in these horrific hours on the cross
– people passing by Skull Rock, since crucifixion generally done near major roads for maximum impact;
– the religious leaders who been opposing Jesus’ ministry from the start;
– and the third group was other two men being crucified alongside Him. We know from Luke’s gospel that one of those criminals will eventually recognise who Jesus is and come to faith, but Mark doesn’t focus on that part of the story. He keeps the spotlight firmly fixed on Jesus.
第 29-32 节告诉我们，挂在十字架上这可怕的时刻，有三组人合起来辱骂耶稣
– 经过骷髅岩的人，因为钉十字架通常在主要道路附近进行，以为震慑人们产生最大的影响；
– 宗教领袖：从一开始就反对耶稣事工的那群人；
– 第三组是与祂一起被钉在十字架上的另外两个人。 我们从路加福音中得知，其中一名罪犯最终会认出耶稣是谁并信主，但马可并没有关注故事的那部分。 他将聚光灯牢牢地固定在耶稣身上。
It’s easy to skip past this part of story – the mental abuse and anguish Jesus suffered. But we’re very sensitive these days to the awful impact that mental and verbal abuse can have. Jesus here has been humiliatingly stripped naked or nearly naked; beaten and tortured; abandoned by His closest friends; and now mocked and laughed at by opponents and cynics and ordinary people as abject and pathetic failure.
很容易跳过故事的这一部分 - 耶稣遭受的精神虐待和痛苦。 但如今，我们对精神和言语虐待可能产生的可怕影响非常敏感。 耶稣在这里被羞辱，剥光了衣服并且几乎赤身裸体；祂被殴打和折磨； 被祂最亲密的朋友抛弃； 现在被反对者、愤世嫉俗者和普通人嘲笑和嘲笑为一个可悲的失败者。
On top of everything else, the mental and emotional abuse is cruel. And darkness continues to close in. [Turn off lamp #4] 最重要的是，精神和情感虐待是残酷的。 黑暗继续逼近。[关灯 第4次]
Everything that I have said to this point has been horrific; we would never wish any of this on our worst enemies. But for Jesus, as horrific and painful as all of this had been, nothing compared to what is signified about three hours into Jesus’ ordeal.
到目前为止，我所说的一切都是可怕的； 我们甚至绝不会希望我们最坏的敌人遭遇这样的事情。 但对耶稣来说，尽管这一切都是可怕和痛苦的，但与耶稣受难约三个小时所遭遇的残酷考验相比，这都微不足道。
At noon, darkness came over the whole land until three in the afternoon. And at three in the afternoon Jesus cried out in a loud voice, ‘Eloi, Eloi, lema sabachthani?’ (which means ‘My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?’). Mark 15:33-34
正午时分，黑暗笼罩着整个大地，一直到下午三点。 大约在三点，耶稣大声呼喊：“以罗伊，以罗伊，拉马撒巴各大尼？”意思是：“我的上帝，我的上帝，你为什么离弃我？” 马可福音15：33-34
This fifth wave of darkness, as far as Jesus was concerned, was the worst. 就耶稣而言，这第五次黑暗浪潮是最糟糕的。
5. The darkness of divine wrath. 5. 神的雷霆之怒之至暗时刻
That’s what the 3 long hours of darkness symbolising – the wrath and judgment of God against human sin was being poured out on Jesus. 这就是三个小时漫长的黑暗所象征的 - 上帝对人类罪恶的雷霆之怒和审判倾倒在耶稣的身上。
This is what Jesus was tormented about as He prayed in the Garden of Gethsemane the previous evening. Back in Mark 14, Mark tells us what Jesus was praying:
这就是耶稣在之前一晚在客西马尼园祷告时所承受的痛苦折磨。 回到马可福音 14 章，马可告诉我们耶稣在祷告什么：
‘Abba, Father, everything is possible for you. Take this cup from me. Yet not what I will, but what you will.’ Mark 14:36
祂说：“阿爸，父啊，你无所不能，求你撤去此杯。然而，愿你的旨意成就，而非我的意愿。”马可福音 14：36
The cup that Jesus was talking about, was an Old Testament metaphor for God’s righteous anger and judgment against human sin and rebellion. It pictured judgment as this poisonous chalice that had to be completely consumed and endured. 耶稣所说的杯，是旧约中上帝对人类罪恶和叛逆所行的公义愤怒和审判的隐喻。 它将审判描绘成盛满毒酒且必须完全喝下和忍受其折磨的酒杯。
You see, the Bible declares Jesus to be God in human flesh – the God-man – 100% divine, while also being 100% human. So for God-in-the-flesh to take on all human sin was appalling; it’s the worst possible thing. That’s what Jesus dreaded; that’s what He prayed about in Garden.
你看，圣经宣称耶稣是道成肉身的神 - 神人 - 100% 的 神性，同时也是 100% 的人。 因此，道成肉身的 神来承担所有人类的罪恶这是令人震惊的； 这是最糟糕的事情。 这就是耶稣所害怕的； 这就是祂在花园里祷告的内容。
More than the human brutality and physical torture and mental abuse – it was the reality of having wrath of the Father poured on Him for all sin – that’s what He was dreading
比起人类的残暴、肉体上的折磨和精神上的虐待 -更重要的是，天父因人类所有的罪而将愤怒倾倒在祂身上 - 这才是祂所惧怕的。.
And that is why He quotes from this powerful lament psalm as He hangs on the cross, Psalm 22:
“My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” Those words were first prayed by King David, the greatest of the kings of Israel. As we learnt earlier this year in summer series, lament psalms were songs of weeping; they were songs of despair and tears. We often raise a cry and complaint to God during times of great hardship and suffering. So whatever point in his life that David wrote that song, it felt to him like God had abandoned him. That’s what the psalm was saying.
这就是为什么当祂被挂在十字架上时，祂引用了这首强有力的哀歌，诗篇 22：
“我的 神，我的 神，你为什么离弃我？” 这些话是以色列最伟大的国王大卫王先前的祷告。 正如我们今年早些时候在夏季系列中了解到的那样，哀歌是哭泣的歌曲； 它们是绝望和泪水的歌曲。 我们常常在患难受苦的时候向神呼求、诉苦。 因此，无论大卫在他生命中的哪个阶段写下这首歌，他都觉得上帝抛弃了他。 这就是诗篇描述的。
But the beautiful thing about God is that He never abandons his people. It can certainly feel like that sometimes. We can often struggle with this question of where God is. But the Bible assures us, God is always with us. He never forsakes us. Except in this single moment of history, for this single person.
然而上帝的荣美之处在于祂从不抛弃祂的子民。 有时肯定会有这种感觉。 我们常常会为上帝在哪里这个问题而苦苦求索。 但是圣经向我们许诺，上帝永远与我们同在。祂从不抛弃我们。 除了在历史的这一刻，为了这一个人。
Because as Jesus hangs on cross, in words of 2 Cor 5 that we read last week,
因为当耶稣挂在十字架上时，用我们上周读到的哥林多后书第五章的话来说，
God made him who had no sin to be sin for us. 2 Corinthians 5:21a
上帝使无罪的基督担当我们的罪哥林多后书 5:21a
As Jesus hung on the cross, and this deep darkness fell across the land, the wrath of God was poured out on the innocent Lamb of God. And the darkness of divine wrath closed in. [Turn off lamp #5] 当耶稣被挂在十字架上，黑暗笼罩大地时，上帝的愤怒倾倒在上帝无辜的羔羊身上。 神的雷霆震怒的黑暗笼罩了进来。[关灯 第5次]
And then the moment came. After 6 agonising hours of hanging on the cross – beaten, weakened, humiliated, abused; Mark tells us in v.37, 然后那一刻来了。 在被钉在十字架上经历被殴打、虚弱、羞辱、虐待长达 6 个小时的痛苦折磨之后； 马可在第 37 节告诉我们，
With a loud cry, Jesus breathed his last. (Mark 15:37) 耶稣大叫一声，就断了气。（马可福音 15：37）
And with that cry came the darkness of final death. 随着最后的吼叫，死亡的黑暗降临 [Turn off lamp #6 关灯 第6次]
Jesus was dead. The light was extinguished. Darkness seemed to have won.
And the demons of hell celebrated what they thought was their greatest victory.
耶稣死了。 光熄灭了。 黑暗似乎赢了。
地狱的魔鬼庆祝他们认为是他们最大的胜利。
But they were wrong! Because that’s not the end of the story. [Turn lamp on] The light was still shining. And Mark closes this part of the narrative with two key events that shows us that the light still burns.
但他们错了！ 因为那不是故事的结局。 [开灯] 光还亮着。 马克以两个关键事件结束了这部分的叙述，向我们展示了光仍在燃烧。
The curtain of the temple was torn in two from top to bottom. And when the centurion, who stood there in front of Jesus, saw how he died, he said, ‘Surely this man was the Son of God!’
圣殿的幔子从上到下裂成两半。 站在对面的百夫长看见耶稣喊叫断气的情形，便说：“这人真是上帝的儿子！”Mark 15:38-39 马可福音15：38-39
Two key moments. The first is what happens in the temple building on the other side of the city walls.
This massive, heavily embroidered curtain that hung between Holy Place and Most Holy Place inside the temple, suddenly was torn in two. The barrier between a holy God and sinful humanity was broken.
And notice detail that Mark points out – it was torn from top to bottom. It’s as though divine hands had reached down from heaven and ripped it once and for all.
两个关键时刻。 首先是在城墙另一侧的圣殿中发生的事情。
圣殿内挂在圣所和至圣所之间的那幅厚重的绣花帷幕，突然被撕成两半。 圣洁的上帝和罪恶的人类之间的障碍被打破了。
请注意马克指出的细节 -它从上到下都被撕裂了。 就好像神圣的手从天而降，一劳永逸地撕裂了它。
The other key moment happens right there on Skull Rock – the place of execution. Supervising the entire proceedings, as no doubt he had done countless times before, was a hardened Roman soldier, a centurion. He probably commanded the death squad, and had seen hundred’s if not thousands of crucifixions in his career. But the way that Jesus died; the attitude that He showed; the words that He said – all of it broke down the walls of cynicism and comparison. “This was Son of God.” 另一个关键时刻就发生在骷髅岩上 -行刑之地。 监督整个过程，毫无疑问，他以前行刑无数次，是一个坚强的罗马士兵，一个百夫长。 他可能指挥行刑队，在他的职业生涯中见过数百甚至数千次被钉在十字架上。 但是耶稣死的方式； 他所表现的态度； 他所说的话 - 所有这些都打破了愤世嫉俗和比较的墙。 “这人真是上帝的儿子。”
That, by way, is the theme of Mark’s gospel; that Jesus is Son of God. And in this climatic moment, that testimony comes from the mouth of pagan, hardened, rough-as-guts Gentile soldier.
In this moment of deepest darkness, the Light of the world shone
在这至暗时刻，世界的光在闪耀
And yet, Jesus was dead. His body was taken down from the cross, and laid in cold tomb.
The disciples were scattered; the cause seemed to be lost; hope was gone. Or was it?
然而，耶稣已经死了。 祂的尸体从十字架上取下来，安放在冰冷的坟墓里。
门徒散了； 使命似乎失败了； 盼望破灭了。 或许是吧？
This is where we end service today. In liturgical churches, the Good Friday service ends in silence,
in darkness; waiting for the hope of Easter Sunday. That’s what going do today. I’m going to pray.
And then we would ask you to just leave the auditorium in quiet. And return on Sunday for the rest of the story. But as you head out in quiet today, don’t despair. 我们今天的宣讲事工就此结束。 在礼拜堂中，耶稣受难日的事工就是在沉默中结束，
在黑暗中； 等待复活节主日的盼望。 这就是今天要做的事情。 我要祷告。
然后我们会要求你安静地离开礼堂。 周日回来听故事的其余部分。 但是，当你今天安静地出门时，请不要绝望。
In this moment of deepest darkness, the Light of the world shone
在这至暗时刻，世界的光在闪耀
